Focuses on studying and understanding the role equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics play in chemical systems. Specific topics include phase and chemical equilibria, colligative properties of solutions, acid/base equilibria, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics including enthalpy, entroy and free energy, and gas laws. Laboratory focused, this general chemistry course also introduces students to modern analytical instrumentation (such as UV-Vis spectrophotometer and GC-TCD) while developing critical wet chemical analytical techniques. Knowledge and skills gained in Chem 181, 221 and 222 will be built upon with an emphasis on obtaining quantitative understanding. One four-hour “discovery” laboratory session per week is included. Prerequisites: Chemistry 222 (or permission of Chair) and one semester of college calculus. One and one-half units.