JESUIT CARDINALS

THIS SITE COMMEMORATES THE ELEVATION OF AVERY DULLES,
AMERICAN JESUIT AND THEOLGIAN, TO THE COLLEGE OF CARDINALS
BY POPE, ST. JOHN PAUL II, ON FEBRUARY 21, 2001.<>

COLLEGE OF CARDINALS
Over the centuries, different popes have raised individual Jesuits to the dignity of the cardinalte.  However, in the past century, more Jesuits have achieved this honor than in the previous history of the Society of Jesus.  Even though some are there because they are headsof a diocese or archdiocese, many have been  so honorerd more in recognition for theirservice to the church as intellectuals+ than as possible successors of the pope in the College of Cardinals.  The late Pope John Paul II has created  more Jesuits# cardinals (he has named thirteen) than any of his predecessors and today there are more Jesuit cardinals now living (ten) than any one time in history (three of them were eligible to vote in the conclave of 2005 where two were reportedly [see Time Magazine, April 24, 2005] among the top contenders).
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VIRI ILLUSTRI SOCIETATIS IESU:
Saints and Blessed
Jesuits in Stamps
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[1593] Francisco Toledo (1532-1596)
 [1599] St. Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621)
[1629] Peter Pazmany (1570-1637)
[1632] Jan Olbracht (1612-1634)^
[1643] Juan de Lugo (1583-1660)
[1657] Pietro Sforza Pallavicino (1607-1667)
[1672] Johann E. Nidhard (1607-1681)^
[1712] Giovanni B. Tolomei (1653-1726)
[1719] Giambattista Salerno (1671-1729)
[1720] Alvaro Cienfuegas (1657-1739)
[1766] Niccolo Oddi (1715-1767)
[1823] Carlo Odescalchi (1786-1841)
[1838] Angelo Mai (1782-1854)
[ 1873] Camillo Tarquini (1810-1874)
[1876] Johann B. Franzelin (1816-1886)
[1879] Giuseppe Pecci (1807-1890)
[1885] Paulus Melchers (1813-1895)
[1886] Camillo Mazzella (1833-1900)*
[1894] Andrea Steinhuber (1825-1907)
 [1911] Louis Billot (1846-1931)
[1922] Franz Ehrle (1841-1934)
[1935] Pietro Boetto (1871-1946)
[1959] Augustin Bea (1881-1968)
[1969] Jean Danielou (1906-1974)
[1969] Pablo Munoz Vega (1903-1994)
[1976] Lawrence Trevor Picachy(1916-1992)
[1976] Victor Razafimahatratra (1921-1993)
[1983] Henri de Lubac (1896-1991)
[1983] Carlo Maria Martini (1927-2012)
[1991] Jan Chrysostom Korec (1924-2015)
[1991] Paolo Dezza (1901-1999)
[1994] Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadia  (b. 1934)
[1994] Alois Grillmeier (1910-1998)
[1994] Augusto Vargas Alzamora (1922-2000)
[1998] Paul Shan Kuo-Hsi (1923-2012)
[1998] Adam Kozlowiecki (1911-2007)
[2013] Jorge Mario Bergoglio (Pope Francis)
[2001] Avery Dulles (1918-2008)*
[2001] Roberto Tucci (1921-2015)
[2003] Tomas Spidlik (1919-2010)
[2006] Albert Vanhoye (b. 1923)
[2007] Urbano Navarrete Cortes (1920-2010)
[2012] Karl Josef Becker (1928-2015) 

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JESUIT PRELATES

JESUIT NOBLES
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Sources
[Anonymous], "Jesuit Cardinals," The Jesuits: Year Book of the Society of Jesus, 2000, 171-173.
Bottum, J., "One Establishment Meets Another: Avery Dulles's long Journey to the Catholic Cardinalate," The Atlantic Monthly, May 2001.
[Foreign Desk] "New Princes of the Church," The New York Times, January 22, 2001.
Lamalle, Edmond,  "Jesuit Cardinals," The Jesuits: Year Book of the Society of Jesus, 1969-1970,  124-129.
Miranda, Salvador, "Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church," World Wide Web.
Reese, Thomas J.,  "Cardinals and Conclaves," America, November 19, 1994.
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Note that the years to the left form the chronology of  list of the year when each Jesuit was raised to the cardinalte.
<> Though not a bishop, Dulles, as a cardinal, is entitled to  a crozier, a coat of arms,  a miter, a pectoral cross, and a ring.  His motto on his coat of arms is "Scio enim cui credidi" (2 Tim. 1:12), and he is Cardinal Deacon of the Church of Gesu' e Maria  in Rome.
+Many Jesuit alumni  like those from Rome's Gregorian University (see America, March 5, 2001, p. 19, for and advertisement  with names of at least fifteen, on February 21, 2001) have been created cardinals over the past 450 years, including one third to one half of the
American cardinals.
# 1 Roberto de'Nobili (1541-1559) was created cardinal in 1553 and was prohibited by the pope from entering the Jesuit Order.  However, under the direction of the Jesuit General,
he lived the rule of the Society of Jesus
# 2 Charles de Lorraine  (1592-1631), begged Pope Gregory XV, who wished to raise the Jesuit (from a royal family and Prince Bishop of Verdun) to the cardinalte, that he not do so.
#3 Jan Kazimierz (1609-1672), created in 1647,  resigned the cardinalate  before being conferred the red hat.  He was a Polish king
and a Lithuanian grand duke.
# 4  Luigi di Canossa (1809-1900), a former Jesuit (1837-1847) who joined the Diocese of Verona and was elevated in 1877.
# 5 Paul Emile Leger (1904-1991), elevated in 1953, was a Jesuit novice for a short time (September 7, 1925 to November 6, 1925).
# 6 Richard J. Cushing (1895-1970), Archbishop of Boston, was twice scheduled to enter the Society of Jesus but chose the secular clergy.  After he was informed on the night of November 16, 1958 (that day, he was made a Founder of the New England Province)  that he was to be created a cardinal, he atrributed this to the influence of the Jesuits.
# 7 Ignatius Kung Pin-mei (1901-2000) was educated by the Jesuits and worked closely with them.  His public reception as a cardinal in 1991 was held at the Jesuit headquarters in Rome and he was buried in the Santa Clara Cemetery at the Jesuit university in California.^
# 8 Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905-1988), though he died before his elevation, he was a Jesuit from 1929 to 1950 and some believe that he was received back into the Jesuit Order before his death.  Interviewed by Zenit (December 11, 2003), Cardinal Marc Ouellet of Quebec pointed out that, in addition to himself, the following cardinals were students of von Balthasar: Philippe Barbarin of Lyon, Peter Erdo of Esztergom-Budapest, Joseph Ratzinger of the Curia, Christoph Sconborn of Vienna, and James Francis Stafford of the Curia.
^Created in pectore  before it was later made public.
*Taught at Jesuit Theologate, Woodstock, Maryland.

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Copyright 2001-2016
Send comments and questions to
Vincent A. Lapomarda
(vlapomar@holycross.edu)