Further Reading
Religious Life--Female

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Aers, David and Lynn Staley. The Powers of the Holy:  Religion, Politics, and Gender  in Late Medieval English Culture.  University Park:  Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. 

Andersen, Elizabeth A.  "Mechthild von Magdeburg;  Her Creativity and her Audience." In Women, the Book and the Godly:  Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993, ed. Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor.  Woodbridge and Rochester:  D. S. Brewer, 1995, 77-88. 

Aston, Margaret, "Segregation in Church." In "Women in the Church,” ed. W. J. Shiels and Diana. Wood. Studies in Church History 27 :237-94. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990. 

Atkinson, Clarissa W.  The Oldest Vocation:  Christian Motherhood in the Middle Ages.  Ithaca:  Cornell University Press, 1991. 

Atkinson, Clarissa, C. H. Buchanan and M. R. Miles, ed. Immaculate and Powerful: The Female in Sacred Image and Social Reality. Boston, 1985.

Baker, Denise Nowakowski.  Julian of Norwich's Showings:  From Vision to Book.  Princeton:  Princeton University Press, 1994. 

Baker, Derek, ed.  Medieval Women: Dedicated and Presented to Professor Rosalind M. T. Hill on the Occassion of her Seventieth Birthday.  Studies in Church History:  Subsidia 1.  Oxford:  Basil Blackwell, 1978. 

Barratt, Alexandra, ed.   Women's Writing in Middle English.  London and New York:  Longman, 1992. 

Bartlett, Anne Clark. Male Authors, Female Readers: Representations and Subjectivity in Middle English Devotional Literature. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995.

Bartlett, Anne Clark, ed.  Vox Mystica.  Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M. Lagorio.  Cambridge:  Brewer, 1995. 

Beckwith, Sarah. Christ’s Body: Identity, Culture and Society in Late Medieval Writings. London: Routledge, 1993.

Beer, Frances.  Women and Mystical Experience in the Middle Ages.  Woodbridge and Rochester:  Boydell Press, 1992. 

Bell, David N.  What Nuns Read:  Books and Libraries in Medieval English Nunneries.  Cistercian Studies Series, 58.  Kalamazoo:  Cistercian Publications, 1995. 

Bell, Rudolph. Holy Anorexia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

Bennett, Judith M., et al., eds.  Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages.  Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1989. 

Berman, Constance H.  "Men's Houses, Women's Houses:  The Relationship Between the Sexes in Twelfth-Century Monasticism." In The Medieval Monastery, ed. Andrew MacLeish.  Medieval Studies at Minnesota 2.  St. Cloud, MN:  North Star Press of St. Cloud, 1988, 43-52. 

Berman, Constance, Charles W. Connell, and Judith Rice Rothschild, eds.  The Worlds of Medieval Women:  Creativity, Influence, Imagination.  Literary and Historical Perspectives of the Middle Ages, v. 2.  Morgantown:  West Virginia University Press, 1985. 

Bolton, Brenda M.  "Mulieres sanctae."  In Sanctity and Secularity; the Church and the World, ed. Derek Baker.  Studies in Church History 10.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1973, 77-95.  Rpt. in Women in Medieval Society.  Ed. Susan Mosher Stuard.  Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press, 1976, 141-58. 

Bolton, Brenda. Vitae matrum:  A Further Aspect of the Frauenfrage."  In Medieval Women: Dedicated and Presented to Professor Rosalind M. T. Hill on the Occassion of her Seventieth Birthday, ed. Derek Baker.  Oxford:  Basil Blackwell, 1978, 253-73. 

Brown, Peter. The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Brunn, Emilie Zum, and Georgette Epiney-Burgard, Women Mystics in Medieval Europe, Paragon House: New York. 1989. 

Bynum, Caroline Walker.  "`. . . And Woman His Humanity':  Female Imagery in the Religious Writing of the Later Middle Ages." In Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays of Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion.  New York:  Zone Books, 1991, 151-80. 

Bynum, Caroline Walker. The Female Body and Religious Practice in the Later Middle Ages.” In Fragmentation and Redemption:  Essays of Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion.  New York:  Zone Books, 1991, 181-238.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women.  Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1987. 

Bynum, Caroline Walker.  Jesus as Mother:  Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages.  Publications of the Center for Medieval and  Renaissance Studies, 16.  Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1982.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. “Religious Women in the Later Middle Ages." In Christian Spirituality:  High Middle Ages and Reformation,  ed. Jill Raitt. World Spirituality, 17.  New York:  Crossroad, 1987, 121-39. 

Bynum, Caroline Walker. “Women Mystics and Eucharistic Devotion in the Thirteenth Century."  Women's Studies 11 (1984):  179-214. 

Castelli, Elizabeth. "I Will Make Mary Male:  Pieties of the Body and Gender Transformation of Christian Women." In Body Guards:  The Cultural Politics of Gender Ambiguity,  ed. Julia Epstein and Kristina Straub.  New York:  Routledge, 1991. 

Clark, Susan L.  "`Ze glicher wis':  Mechthild von Magdeburg and the Concept of Likeness." In The Worlds of Medieval Women:  Creativity, Influence, Imagination.  Literary and Historical Perspectives of the Middle Ages, v. 2, ed. Constance H. Berman, Charles W. Connell, and Judith Rice  Rothschild.  Morgantown:  West Virginia University Press, 1985, 41-50. 

Coakley, John.  "Gender and the Authority of Friars:  The Significance of Holy Women for Thirteenth-Century Franciscans and Dominicans." Church History 60 (1991):  445-60. 

Cross, C. “ ‘Great Reasoners in Scripture’: The Activities of Women Lollards 1380-1530.” In Medieval Women, ed. D. Baker. Studies in Church History, subsidia 1. Oxford: Blackwell, 1978,  359-80.

Davidson, Audrey Ekdahl, ed.  The `Ordo Virtutum' of Hildegard of Bingen:  Critical Studies. Kalamazoo, MI:  Medieval Institute Publishers, 1992.

Dronke, Peter.  Women Writers of the Middle Ages. A Critical Study of Texts from Perpetua (+203) to Marguerite Porete (+1310).  Cambridge and New York:  Cambridge University Press, 1984. 

Duffy, Eamon. “Holy Maydens, Holy Wyfes: The Cult of Women Saints in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century England.” In Women in the Church, ed. W. J. Sheils and Diana Wood. Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.

Eckenstein, Lina. Women Under Monasticism: Chapters on Saint-Lore and Convent Life Between A.D. 500 and 1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1896.

Elkins, Sharon K.  Holy Women of Twelfth-Century England.  Studies in Religion.  Chapel Hill:  University of North Carolina Press, 1988. 

Elliott, Dyan. Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Ellis, R. “ ‘Flores ad fabricandum…coronam’: An Investigation into the Uses of the Revelations of St. Bridget of Sweden in Fifteenth Century England.” Medium Aevum 51 (1982): 163-86.

Erler, Mary, and Maryanne Kowaleski, eds.  Women and Power in the Middle Ages.  Athens:  University of Georgia Press, 1988. 

Finke, Laurie. Feminist Theory, Women’s Writing, Reading Women Writing. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Fierro, Nancy.  Hildegard of Bingen and her Vision of the Feminine.  Kansas City, MO:  Sheed and Ward, 1994. 

Fletcher, John R. The Story of the English Bridgettines of Syon Abbey. Syon Abbey, 1933. 

Furlong, Monica. Visions and Longings: Medieval Women Mystics. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1996.

Gibson, Gail McMurray. The Theater of Devotion: East Anglian Drama and Society in the Late Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.

Gibson, Gail McMurray. “Saint Anne and the Religion of Childbed: Some East Anglian Texts and Talismans.” In Interpreting Cultural Symbols: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Society, ed. Kathleen Ashley and Pamela Sheingorn. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990, 95-110.

Gilchrist, Roberta.  Gender and Material Culture:  The Archaeology of Religious Women.  London and New York:  Routledge, 1994. 

Gold, Penny Schine.  The Lady and the Virgin:  Image, Attitude and Experience in Twelfth-Century France. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. 

Gold, Barbara K.  "Hrotsvitha Writes Herself:  Clamor Validus Gandeshemensis." In Sex and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Texts:  The Latin Tradition, ed. Barbara K. Gold, Paul Allen Miller, and Charles Platter.  Albany:  State University of New York Press, 1997. 

Grant, Barbara L.  "Five Liturgical Songs by Hildegarde von Bingen (1098-1179)."  Signs 5 (1980):  557-67. 

Greenspan, Kate.  "Autohagiography and Medieval Women's Spiritual Autobiography."  In Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages, ed. Jane Chance.  Gainesville:  University Press of Florida, 1996, 216-36. 

Haas, Alois Maria.  "Schools of Late Medieval Mysticism." In Christian Spirituality:  High Middle Ages and Reformation, ed. Jill Raitt.  World Spirituality,  17.  New York:  Crossroad, 1987, 140-75. 

Hamburger, Jeffrey F.  Nuns as Artists:  The Visual Culture of a Medieval Convent.  California Studies in the History of Art, 37.  Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1997. 

Hamburger, Jeffrey F. "The Use of Images in the Pastoral Care of Nuns:  The Case of Heinrich Suso and the Dominicans." Art Bulletin 71 (1989): 20-45. 

Heffernan, Thomas J.  Sacred Biography:  Saints and Their Biographers in the Middle Ages. New York:  Oxford University Press, 1988.

Herlihy, David.  Opera muliebria:  Women and Work in Medieval Europe.  New Perspectives on European History.  New York:  McGraw-Hill, 1990, 61-70. 

Hogg, James. "The Contribution of the Bridgettine Order to Late Medieval English Spirituality," Spiritualität Heute unde Gestern: Internationaler Kongres vom 4 bis 7 August 1982. Analecta Cartuasiana 35:3 (1983): 4-164.

Holloway, Julia Bolton.  "The Monastic Context of Hildegard's Ordo Virtutum." In The `Ordo Virtutum' of Hildegard of Bingen:  Critical Studies, ed.  Audrey Ekdahl Davidson.   Early Drama, Art, and Music Monograph Series, 8.  Kalamazoo, MI:  Medieval Institute Publications, 1992, 63-77. 

Holloway, Julia Bolton, Joan Bechtold, and Constance S. Wright.  Equally in God's Image: Women in the Middle Ages.  New York:  Peter Lang, 1990. 

Hozeski, Bruce W.  "Ordo Virtutum:  Hildegard of Bingen's Liturgical Morality Play."  Annuale Mediaevale  13 (1972):  45-69. 
 

Jantzen, Grace.  "`Cry Out and Write':  Mysticism and the Struggle for Authority."  In Women, the Book and the Godly:  Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993, ed. Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor.  Woodbridge and Rochester:  D. S. Brewer, 1995, 67-76. 

Jantzen, Grace. Power, Gender, and Christian Mysticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Johnson, Penelope D., ed.  Equal in Monastic Profession:  Religious Women in Medieval France.  Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1993. 

Johnson, F. R. “The English Cult of Saint Bridget of Sweden.” Analecta Bollandiana 103 (1985): 75-93.

Kieckhefer, Richard.  Unquiet Souls.  Fourteenth-Century Saints and Their Religious Milieu.  Chicago and London:  University of Chicago Press, 1984. 

Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane, ed.  A History of Women in the West.  II.  Silences of the Middle Ages.  Cambridge, MA:  Belknap, 1992. 

Knowles, David. The English Mystical Tradition. London, 1961.

Knowles, David. The Religious Orders in England, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Kraemer, Ross S. "The Conversion of Women to Ascetic Forms of Christianity."  In Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, ed. Judith M. Bennett, et al.  Chicago:  Chicago University Press, 1989, 198-207. 

Labarge, Margaret Wade.  "Women who Prayed:  Nuns and Beguines" and "Women who Prayed:  Recluses and Mystics." A Small Sound of the Trumpet:  Women in Medieval Life.  Boston:  Beacon Press, 1986, 98-142. 

Lagorio, Valerie M.  "The Medieval Continental Women Mystics:  An Introduction." In An Introduction to the Medieval Mystics of Europe:  Fourteen Original Essays, ed. Paul E. Szarmach.  Albany:  State University of New York Press, 1984, 161-93. 

Leclercq, Jean.  "Solitude and Solidarity:  Medieval Women Recluses."  In Medieval Religious Women II.  Peace Weavers, ed. John A. Nichols and Lillian Thomas Shank.  Cistercian Studies Series, 72.  Kalamazoo, MI:  Cistercian Publications, 1984, 67-83. 

Leclercq, Jean. The Spirituality of Medieval Feminine Monasticism." In The Continuing Quest for God:  Monastic Spirituality in Tradition and Transition, ed. William Skudlarek.  Collegeville, MN:  The Liturgical Press, 1983, 127-38. 

Lerner, Gerda.  The Creation of Feminist Consciousness:  From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 

Lerner, Robert E.  "Ecstatic Dissent."  Speculum  67 (1992):  33-57. 

Lewis, Gertrud  Jaron.  By Women, for Women, about Women.  The Sister-Books of Fourteenth-Century Germany. Studies and Texts, 125. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1996. 

Lewis, Gertrud Jaron. “Music and Dancing in the Fourteenth-Century Sister-Books." In Vox Mystica.  Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M. Lagorio, ed. Anne Clark Bartlett.  Cambridge:  Brewer, 1995, 159-68. 

Lewis, Gertrud Jaron. “Studying Women Mystics:  Some Methodological Concerns."  Mystics Quarterly 10 (1984):  175-81. 

Lucas, Angela M.  Women in the Middle Ages:  Religion, Marriage and Letters.  New York:  St. Martin's Press, 1983. 

 McDonnell, Ernest W.  The Beguines and Beghards in Medieval Culture, with Special Emphasis on the Belgian Scene.  1954; New York:  Octagon Books, 1969. 

McGinn, Bernard, ed.  Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics: Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete.  New  York: Continuum, 1994. 

McLaughlin, Eleanor.  "Women and Medieval Heresy." Concilium 111 (1976):  73-90. 

McLaughlin, Mary Martin.  "Peter Abelard and the Dignity of Women:  Twelfth Century `Feminism' in Theory and Practice."  In Pierre Abélard.  Pierre le vénérable.  Les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en occident au milieu du xiie siècle.  Abbay de Cluny, 2 au 9 juillet 1972.  Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 546.  Paris:  Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1975, 287-333. 

McLaughlin, T. P.  "Abelard's Rule for Religious Women."  Mediaeval Studies 18 (1956):  241-92. 

McNamara, Jo Ann.  The Ordeal of Community.  Peregrina Translation Series, 5. Toronto: Peregrina Publishing, 1993. 

McNamara, Jo Ann. Sisters in Arms:  Catholic Nuns Through Two Millennia.  Cambridge:  Harvard University Press, 1996. 

McSheffrey, Shannon. Gender and Heresy: Women and Men in Lollard Communities, 1420-1530. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

Neel, Carol.  "The Origins of the Beguines." In Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, ed. Judith M. Bennett, et al.  Chicago:  Chicago University Press, 1989, 240-60. 

Newman, Barbara.  "Divine Power Made Perfect in Weakness:  St. Hildegard on the Frail Sex." In  Medieval Religious Women II.  Peace Weavers,  Ed. Lillian Thomas Shank and John A. Nichols. Cistercian Studies Series, 72.  Kalamazoo, MI:  Cistercian Publications, 1987, 103-22

Newman, Barbara. From Virile Woman to WomanChrist:  Studies in Medieval Religion and Literature.  Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. 

Newman, Barbara. “Hildegard of Bingen:  Visions and Validation."  Church History 54 (1985):  163-75. 

Newman, Barbara. Sister of Wisdom:  St. Hildegard's Theology of the Feminine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. 

Nichols, John A., and Lillian Thomas Shank, eds. Medieval Religious Women I. Distant Echoes.  Cistercian Studies Series, 71.  Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1984. 

Nichols, John A. Medieval Religious Women II.  Peace Weavers.  Cistercian Studies Series, 72.  Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1987. 

Nichols, John A. Medieval Religious Women III. Hidden Springs. Cistercian Studies Series, 73.  Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1995. 

Noble, Thomas F.X., and Thomas Head.  Soldiers of Christ:  Saints and Saints' Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.  University Park: Penn State University, 1995. 

Oliva, Marilyn. The Convent and the Community in Late Medieval England: Female Monasteries in  the Diocese of Norwich, 1350-1540. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1998.

Pelphrey, Brant.  "Spirituality in Mission:  Lessons from Julian of Norwich."  Cross Currents (1984):  171-90. 

Peters, Ursula.  "Frauenliteratur im Mittelalter?  Überlegungen zur Trobairitzpoesie, zur Frauenmystik und zur feministischen Literaturbetrachtung." Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift 38 (1988):  35-56. 

Peters, Ursula. Religiöse Erfahrung als literarisches Faktum.  Zur Vorgeschichte und Genese frauenmystischer Texte des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts.  Tübingen:  Niemeyer, 1988. 

Peters, Ursula. “Vita religiosa und spirituelles Erleben.  Frauenmystik und frauenmystische Literatur im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert." Deutsche Literatur von Frauen.  Erster Band:  Vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts.  Ed. Gisela Brinker-Gabler.  Munich:  C. H. Beck, 1988, 88-109. 

Petroff, Elizabeth.  Body and Soul:  Essays on Medieval Women and Mysticism.  New York:  Oxford University Press, 1994. 

Potkay, Monica Brzezinski, and Regula Meyer Evitt. Minding the Body: Women and Literature in the Middle Ages, 800-1500.  New York:  Twayne, 1997. 

Power, Eileen.  Medieval Women.  Ed. M. M. Postan.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1975. 

Power, Eileen. “The Position of Women." In The Legacy of the Middle Ages, ed. Charles George Crump and E. F. Jacob.  Oxford:  The Clarendon Press, 1926, 401-33. 

Reynaert, J.  "Hadewijch:  Mystic Poetry and Courtly Love."  In Medieval Dutch Literature in its European Context ed. Erik Kooper.  Cambridge Studies  in Medieval Literature, 21.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1994, 208-25. 

Riddy, Felicity. “Women Talking about the Things of God: A Late Medieval Subculture.” In Women and Literature in Britain, 1150-1500, ed. Carol Meale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 104-27.

Robertson, Elizabeth.  "An Anchorhold of Her Own:  Female Anchoritic Literature in Thirteenth-Century England."  In Equally in God's Image:  Women in the Middle Ages  ed. Julia Bolton Holloway, Constance S. Wright, and Joan Bechtold.  New York:  Peter Lang, 1990, 170-83. 

Robertson, Elizabeth. Early English Devotional Prose and the Female Audience.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1990. 

Robertson, Elizabeth. “Medieval Medical Views of Women and Female Spirituality in the Ancrene Wisse and Julian of Norwich's Showings." In  Feminist Approaches to the Body in Medieval Literature,  ed. Linda Lomperis and Sarah Stanbury.  Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993, 142-67. 

Ross, Ellen. "`She Wept and Cried Right Loud for Sorrow and for Pain.'  Suffering, the Spiritual Journey, and Women's Experience." In Maps of Flesh and Light.  The Religious Experience of Medieval Women Mystics, ed. Ulrike Wiethaus.  Syracuse:  Syracuse University Press, 1993, 45-59. 

Rublack, Ulinka.  "Female Spirituality and the Infant Jesus in Late Medieval Dominican Convents."  Gender and History 6 (1994):  37-57. 

Ruh, Kurt, ed.  Abendländische Mystik im Mittelalter:  Symposion Kloster Engelberg 1984.  Germanistische Symposien VII.  Stuttgart:  J. B. Metzler. 

Schipperges, Heinrich.  Hildegard of Bingen.  Healing and the Nature of the Cosmos.  Princeton:  Markus Wiener, 1997. 

Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts.  "Female Sanctity:  Public and Private Roles, ca. 500-1100."  In Women and Power in the Middle Ages, ed. Mary Erler and  Maryanne Kowaleski.  Athens:  University of Georgia Press, 1988, 102-25. 

Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts. “The Heroics of Virginity.  Brides of Christ and Sacrificial Mutilation." In Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Literary and Historical Perspectives, ed. Mary Beth Rose.  Syracuse:  Syracuse University Press, 1986, 29-72. 

Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts. “Strict Active Enclosure and its Effects on the Female Monastic Experience (500-1100)."  In Medieval Religious Women I:  Distant Echoes, ed. John A. Nichols and Lillian Thomas Shank.   Cistercian Studies Series, 71.  Kalamazoo, MI:  Cistercian Publications, 1984, 51-86.

Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts. “Women's Monastic Communities, 500-1100:  Patterns of Expansion and Decline."  In Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, ed. Judith M. Bennett, et al.  Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1989, 208-39. 

Shahar, Shulamith.  "Nuns."  In The Fourth Estate:  A History of Women in the Middle Ages, trans. Chaya Galai.  London and New York: Methuen, 1983, 22-62. 

Sheils, W. J, and Diana Wood, eds. Women in the Church. Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.

Smith, Leslie and Jane H.M. Taylor, eds. Women, the Book, and the Godly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda’s Conference, 1993. Woodbridge and Rochester: D. S. Brewer, 1995.

Sticca, Sandro.  "The Hagiographical and Monastic Context of Hrotswitha's Plays." In Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Rara Avis in Saxonia?  A Collection of Essays, ed. Katharina M. Wilson.  Medieval and Renaissance Monograph Series, 7.  Ann Arbor: MARC Publishing, 1987, 1-34.

Stoudt, Debra L. "`ich súndig wip muos schriben':  Religious Women and Literary Traditions," In Women as Protagonists and Poets in the German Middle Ages:  An Anthology of Feminist Approaches to the Study of Middle High German Literature, ed. Albrecht Classen.  Göppinger Arbeiten zur Germanistik 528.  Göppingen:  Kümmerle, 1991, 147-68. 

Stoudt, Debra L. “The Production and Preservation of Letters by Fourteenth-Century Dominican Nuns." Mediaeval Studies 53 (1991):  309-26. 

Stoudt, Debra L. “wer pistu daz mit mir reddet?'  Dialogue in the Works of the Fourteenth-Century German Female Mystics." Studia Mystica 16, N.S.  1 (1995):  30-51. 

Stuard, Susan Mosher, ed.  Women in Medieval History and Historiography.  Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. 

Stuard, Susan Mosher, ed.  Women in Medieval Society. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1976. 

Szarmach, Paul, ed.  An Introduction to the Medieval Mystics of Europe:  Fourteen Original Essays.  Albany:  State University of New York Press,  1984. 

Tobin, Frank J.  Mechthild von Magdeburg:  A Medieval Mystic in Modern Eyes.  Columbia, SC:  Camden House, 1995. 

Tobin, Frank J.  "Medieval Thought on Visions and its Resonance in Mechthild von Magdeburg's Flowing Light of the Godhead."  In Vox Mystica.  Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M. Lagorio,.  ed. Anne Clark Bartlett.  Cambridge:  Brewer, 1995, 41-53. 

Underhill, Evelyn.  Mysticism.  London:  Methuen, 1930. 

Venarde, Bruce L.  Women's Monasticism and Medieval Society:  Nunneries in France and England, 890-1215.  Ithaca and London:   Cornell University Press, 1997. 

Voaden, Rosalynn.  "God's Almighty Hand:  Women Co-Writing the Book." In Women, the Book and the Godly:  Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993, ed. Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor.  Woodbridge and Rochester:  D. S. Brewer, 1995, 55-65. 

Voaden, Rosalynn. God’s Words, Women’s Voices: The Discernment of Spirits in the Writing of Late-Medieval Women Visionaries. Woodbridge and Rochester: York Medieval Texts, 1999.

Voaden, Rosalynn, ed.  Prophets Abroad.  The Reception of Continental Holy Women in Late-Medieval England.  Woodbridge and Rochester: D. S. Brewer, 1996. 

Warren, Ann. K., Medieval English Anchorites and Their Patrons. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. 

Diane, Watts. Secretaries of God: Women Prophets in Late Medievaal and Early Modern England. Woodbridge and Rochester, D. S. Brewer, 1997.

Wemple, Suzanne Fonay.  "Monastic Life of Women from the Merovingians to the Ottonians." In Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Rara Avis in Saxonia?  A Collection of Essays,  ed. Katharina M. Wilson.  Medieval and Renaissance Monograph Series, 7.  Ann Arbor: MARC Publishing, 1987, 35-54. 

Wemple, Suzanne Fonay. “Scholarship in Women's Communities." Women in Frankish Society:  Marriage and the Cloister, 500 to 900.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981, 175-88. 

Wiethaus, Ulrike, ed.  Maps of Flesh and Light:  The Religious Experience of Medieval Women Mystics.  Syracuse:  Syracuse University Press, 1993. 

Wiethaus. Ulrike. “Sexuality, Gender, and the Body in Late Medieval Women's Spirituality.  Cases from Germany and the Netherlands." Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 7 (1991):  35-52. 

Wilson, Katharina  M., ed.  An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers.  Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, v. 698.   New York: Garland, 1991.

Wilson, Katharina M. Hrotsvit of Gandersheim:  Ethics of Authorial Stance.  New York:  E.J. Brill, 1988. 

Wilson, Katharina M. Hrotsvit of Gandersheim:  Rara Avis in Saxonia?  A Collection of Essays.  Medieval and Renaissance Monograph Series, 7.  Ann Arbor:  MARC Publishing, 1987. 

Wilson, Katharina M., Paul Schleuter, and June Schleuter, eds.  Women Writers of Great Britain and Europe:  An Encyclopedia.  Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, v. 1980.  New York:  Garland, 1996.

 Windeatt, Barry, ed.  English Mystics of the Middle Ages.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 

Ziegler, Joanna E.  "Reality as Imitation.  The Role of Religious Imagery Among the Beguines of the Low Countries."  In Maps of Flesh and Light.  The Religious Experience of Medieval Women Mystics, ed. Ulrike Wiethaus.  Syracuse:  Syracuse University Press, 1993, 112-26. 

Zinck, Arlette.  "A Vindication of the Feminine in the Showings of Julian of Norwich."  In Sovereign Lady:  Essays on Women in Middle English Literature, ed. Muriel Whitaker.  Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, v. 1876.  New York:  Garland, 1995. 

Zum Brunn, Emilie, and Georgette Epiney-Burgard, eds. Women Mystics in Medieval Europe.  Trans. Sheila Hughes.  New York:  Paragon House, 1989.