Because of frequent replications, the reporting of fraudulent data usually is quickly detected.

A cost-benefit analysis may justify the risk of harm to research participants.

Scientists must always obtain the written informed consent of research participants, even when the research involves minimal risk of harm.

Current research indicates that the use of deception rarely has negative consequences.

Ethical codes require the timely debriefing of research participants whenever the research involves deception.

Whether access to information is defined as an invasion of privacy depends on how private the information is.

Among other parts, the Common Rule defines terms and presents criteria for the approval of research.

The main function of institutional review boards (IRBs) is to hear cases of scientific misconduct.

One problem with the value-free ideology is that it places scientists in the service of others’ values.

According to the authors, social scientists have an obligation to consider how their findings will be used by others.