India
Creation Myths
The Dhammai
Creation
Before anything , there
existed Shuzanghu and his wife, Zumaing-Nui. In time she gave birth to a girl
(earth) and a boy (sk(The Dhammai are from northern India. They are a non-Hindu
people.) Before there was y). Sky and earth mated and gave birth to the
mountains. Then they produced two frogs who married and made the first humans.
These humans were covered with thick hair, but when they mated they produced
people as they are now.
How The World Was Created and Re-Created Again
The
earth was shaped like a wheel. In the center of the world was the heaven. It was
called Mount Meru; a mountain that was over 250,000 miles high(!) at its peak.
The heaven was circled by the River Ganges. The cities of Indra and the other
gods were along its banks. The foothills below Mount Meru were home to the
Gandharvas (the good or benevolent spirits). The demons lived in the valleys.
The hood of the great serpent Shesha supported the whole world. When each great
flood covered the universe, Shesha coiled up on the back of a tortoise. The
world had many floods. At the end of each deluge, the world was born again.
Once, a golden cosmic egg floated on the waters that buried the world. For a
thousand years the lord of the universe brooded over the egg. Finally a lotus
flower, as bright as a thousand suns, grew from his navel. The lotus spread and
flourished until it contained the whole world. Brahma sprang from the lotus with
the powers of the lord of the universe. He created the world from the parts of
his body.
But, Brahma made some mistakes, and he had to learn from them. At
first he created ignorance, and then discarded it. But ignorance survived and
became Night. From Night, the "Beings of Darkness" were born, and they set out
to devour their creator.
"How can you eat your own father?" asked
Brahma.
Some of the Beings of Darkness relented, but others did not soften in
their desire to destroy Brahma. They became the Rakshasas (the enemies of men).
Brahma learned from the experience, and he resolved to create immortal and
heavenly beings. He brought to life four sages to finish his work. But the sages
lost interest in the creation, and Brahma became angry. From his anger, Rudra
sprang forth to complete the work.
When another flood covered the world, the
world spirit threw a seed called Nara into the waters. The seed grew inside the
egg as Brahma. After one year, Brahma made his body into two parts. One half was
male, and the other half was female. Viraj, a male, grew inside the female half,
and Viraj created Manu. Manu was a sage (a Rishi). Manu lived ten thousand years
in the worship of Brahma.
One day Manu was meditating beside a stream. A fish
spoke to him from the water.
"Please, protect me from this fish that is
chasing me," the fish begged Manu. Manu put the fish into a pond. After some
time, the fish grew too big for the pond.
"Please, place me into the River
Ganges," requested the fish. Manu did as the fish asked. But time passed, and
the fish grew too large for the river.
"Please, take me to the ocean,"
implored the fish. At last the fish was content. Manu learned that he had
rescued none other than Brahma himself. Brahma warned Manu of the coming
destruction of the world by a great flood.
"Build an ark and place in it the
seven Rishis and the seeds of everything," Brahma instructed. No sooner did Manu
do as Brahma asked, when the deluge began. Everything in the world was blanketed
by water once more. The ark tossed about upon the surface. Finally, Manu's ark
rested upon the highest peak of the Himalayas, where Manu moored it to a tree.
The waters receded after many years, and Manu and the ark descended into the
valleys. To prepare for the creation of the next age, Manu performed many
sacrifices. Manu offered up milk, clarified butter, curds, and whey to Brahma.
He repeated the gesture every day. A year passed, and Manu's offering grew into
a beautiful woman.
"I am your daughter," said the beautiful woman to Manu.
"Together, we will perform other sacrifices to Brahma. As a result you will
become rich in children and cattle. You will obtain any blessing you desire."
Manu did as his daughter said. They were true in their devotion to Brahma. In
return, Manu fathered the human race, and he received many blessings.
Assyria
Creation Myth
The Annunaki [sky gods: Anu
(sky), Enlil (earth), Shamash (sun), and Ea (water)], created the earth and the
heavens. When they were finished, they looked carefully at their creation and
concluded that something was missing. They decided that mankind was needed to
till the fields and celebrate religious festivals. So it was that the first
humans [Ulligarra (abundance) and Zalgarra (plenty)] were created. Aruru, the
"lady of the gods", was given sway over their
destinies.
Romania
Creation Myth:
God made Heaven, and then,
after measuring the space underneath with a ball of thread, he began to form the
earth. A mole asked to help, and God gave him the thread to hold while he wove
the patterns of the earth. Sometimes the mole would let out too much thread, and
finally the earth grew too large for the space under heaven. The mole was so
upset that he hid under the earth. God sent the bee to look for him; he wanted
the mole's advice on what to do about the mistake. The bee found the mole and
the mole just laughed at the idea of advising God. The bee, however, hid in a
flower and overheard the mole mumbling to himself about what he would do if he
were God. 'I would squeeze the earth,' he said. 'That would make mountains and
valleys it is true, but it would make the earth smaller at the same time.' When
the bee heard this, he went directly to God and told him. God did what the mole
had said, and everything fit fine.
Mongol
Creation Myth:
Ewenki:
Long ago
Father Heaven had two sons, Ulgen Tenger and Erleg Khan, Ulgen became the lord
of the upper world and Erleg Khan became the lord of the lower world. At that
time the earth was covered with water, there was no land. Ulgen Tenger asked the
loon to bring up mud from below the water to create land, he was not able to do
so, and he was punished by having his legs broken so he could not walk, and the
goldeneye duck was called next to bring up land. The duck created a small piece
of land that Ulgen was able to lay on. Erleg Khan seeing that his brother had
fallen asleep on the new land, tried to pull the land out from under him, but
instead the land stretched out in all directions as he pulled it. Next, Ulgen
Tenger created animals and humans out of mud and he spread them out to dry. He
created the dog to keep watch over the bodies of the new humans while he was
gone. Erleg Khan, unhappy to see that his brother was creating humans, came to
see the new bodies. The dog would not let him come close, at that time the dog
could talk but had no fur. It was cold, and snowing, so Erleg Khan tempted him,
saying that if the dog allowed him to see the humans' bodies he would give him a
beautiful fur coat. The dog agreed, and was given a shiny beautiful coat. Erleg
Khan then spat on the bodies so that humans would have diseases and not be
immortal. When Ulgen returned he saw that the dog had fur and that the humans
had been damaged, so he punished the dog by making his coat smelly, taking away
his voice, and by making the dog follow humans in order to get its
food.
Note: I can't recall/find from which resource I got the foregoing
myth and its accreditation as Slavic, so I can't check out the following message
that I was E-mailed: "The creation myth of ancient slavs, doesn't linguistically
correspond to slavic languages. It more likely reflects the myth of ancient
mongols who are not considered to belong either to slavic culture or
ethnicity."-Grigoriy Titiyevskiy - Sounds to me as if Mr. Titiyevskiy knows
what he is talking about. Any ideas or comments? **Received following message as
a result of the foregoing: Comment by Mr. Titievsky is correct. Evenki is a
native siberian people, related to Altaic and Mongolian culture. Slavic
mythology is entirely different. (signed) I.M. So I have changed the heading
from "Slavic Creation Myth" to "Mongol Creation Myth".
Maori Creation
Myth: (New Zealand)
At the
creation, the Earth goddess, Papa, and her husband Rangi, the sky god, were so
much in love that they hugged each other and would not let go. This meant that
the earth and the sky were always joined solidly together, and no light could
come into the world. Papa gave birth to several children, but they were stuck
between their parents and could not escape. Finally the children decided that
they had to get out. One of them, Tane, suggested that they force their parents
apart. All of the children agreed that this was a good idea. One by one they
tried, without success to push their parents apart. Finally Tane had a try. He
folded himself up very small and slipped between his parents. With his feet
against Rangi and his shoulders against Papa, he pushed. He pushed for hours, he
pushed for days, he pushed for weeks, he pushed for years and years. And very,
very slowly Tane managed to uncurl his body, straighten himself, and finally
push his parents apart. Light came into the world, and for the first time since
the world was created, plants started to grow. But Rangi and Papa were so sad to
be apart that they cried and cried. Rangi's tears ran into rivers. They became a
sea. They even threatened to flood the whole world. Something had to be done.
One of the children turned Papa over so that Rangi could not see her face. Now
he doesn't cry so much. But you can still see his tears every morning; they are
the dewdrops on the grass. And the mists that rise from the ground are Papa's
sighs.
I received the following
Email:
From: Krysia
To: "'grandpa@raven.cybercomm.net'"
Subject:
Greetings from Aotearoa, New Zealand
Date: Sun, 14 Oct 2001 17:15:39
+1300
I visited your website today with much interest. I was a little sad to
see New Zealand lumped together with Australia which is often the case. Our
indigenous people, maori, of which I am one have a unique and very different
cultural tradition then the aboriginal peoples of Australia. We also are tribal
people and our stories vary slightly from region to region. I am sending you a
copy of my re-telling of the Creation Myth, the Story of Ranginui and
Papatuanuku, probably the one myth that all maori universally agree upon. It is
a beautiful story and forms the basis of maori cultural tradition. Maybe you
would like to include it on your website?
I can be contacted on
kzagrobelna@hotmail.com
Look forward to hearing from you and congratulations
on your website
Krysia
Following is the original
story sent in by Krysia:
A Love Story
In the days of Nehera - before the
Once upon a times, Papatuanuku, Earth Mother and Ranginui, Sky Father clung to
each other with a passionate embrace. So tight was that embrace their children
had to crawl on bended knees and in eternal darkness upon the thighs, belly and
breasts of their beloved mother.
Finally the children decided that their
parents had to be separated so that they could stretch and grow and walk upright
in the light. Each of the children took their turn to try and separate their
parents.
Rongomatane-God of Culitvate food. Gentle and peace loving, the
peace maker and teacher and to whom all cultivated food pertain. Aue! Rongo was
unable to separate his parents so strong was their love for each other.
Next
came Haumie - God of Gathered Food. The sweet potatoe or kumara. Aue! Haumie too
was unable to separate his parents so deep was their love for each other.
E
Tu! Tumatauenga-God of War. Fierce Tu, the destroyer of man! Aue! Even this god,
Lord of the red field of war was unable to separate his parents so fierce was
their love for each other.
The next to try was Tangaroa - God of the Sea.
Father of the sea and all those that dwell there. Aue! Tangaroa was unable to
separate his parents so unwavering was their love for each other.
Finally
Tane Mahuta - God of the Forest. Lying on bis back upon the breast of
Papatuanuku he planted his feet upon his father. Tane heaved an almighty heave.
Silence. Tane heaved again and slowly with a heart rendering tear his parents
started to move apart. Tane continued to push and push, Papatuanuku began to
moan. Tane continued to push and push, Ranginui began to wail. Tane pushed and
pushed until finally they were separated and light flooded across the body of
Papatuanuku. Papatuaku wreathed and shook in sorrow, Rangnui looking down from
above cried oceans and rivers and lakes filling the hollows, curves and crevices
of his beloved Papa.
But there was one child who was not happy to see his
parents separated. Tawhirimatea-God of the Winds. So fierce and angry was
Tawhiri at his brother’s actions that a violent battle insued. Tawhiri lashed at
the body of his mother as she lay beneath his father. Winds tore at her breasts,
storms raged in her face. So fierce was this brother that the others were
powerless to stand against him. Tangaroa retreated into the seas created by the
tears of his father, Haumie burrowed into the soft red earth of his mother. And
the children of Tane were uprooted and strewn about. Finally exhausted and spent
Tawhirimatea ascended to his father where he remains today to return from time
to time to vent his anger upon his mother and his brothers.
Uru-te-ngana, God
of Heavenly bodies and first born of Rangi and Papa took pity on his parents and
gently turned his mother over so neither would have to see the pain and longing
of the other. He then ascended into the heavens to adorn his father with planets
and stars.
Ruaumoko - God of Earthquakes, the unborn child of Rangi and Papa
remains deep within his mother reminding us of his presence as he rolls over in
his mother's belly.
Tane Mahuta - God of the Forest then set about clothing
his mother. Trees and vines, ferns and bushes, birds to fill the air with their
bright plumage and birdsong, and then finally to fashion the first woman from
clay found at the pubis of Papatuanuku and to breath life into her. Tihei
Mauriora! I sneeze, tis life!
This is my account of the genesis story as I
have learnt it from my mother,my kuia (grandmothers) and in song. This is what
we whakapapa - recall geneology back to. I call this the greatest love story of
all.