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The Survey as a Social Occasion |
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Materials Available to the Survey Designer |
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Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Questions
Direct and Indirect Questions
Response Formats
Visual and Media Aids
Existing Questions
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“Sketches” or Preliminaries |
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The Opening
The Placement of Sensitive and Routine Questions
Order, Flow, and Transition
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Filling in the Sketch: Writing the Items |
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Using Language Effectively
The “Frame of Reference” Problem
Reason Analysis
Memory Problems
Response Bias Problems
Format Considerations
Mixed-Mode Instrument Designs
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Pretesting |
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Cognitive Laboratory Interviews
Field Pretesting
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Summary |
