***
THE PERSECUTION
OF
ROMAN CATHOLICS
IN
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
***
In Memory of
THE JESUIT
MARTYRS OF THE CIVIL WAR
***
BIBLIOGRAPHY
***
Aguirre Prado, Luis, The Church
and the Spanish Civil War (Servicio
Informativo
Espanol, 1965)
Aguirre y Lecube, Jose Antonio
de, Escape via Berlin (Macmillan, 1944)
Arellza, Jose Maria de, Embajadores
Sobre Espana (Instituto de Estudios
Politicos, 1947)
Bayle, Constantino, Que Pasa
en Espagna? (Delegacion del Estado para
Prensa y Propaganda, 1937)
Bolloten, Burnett, The Spanish
Civil War (U. of N. Carolina, 1991)
Braie, Pierre, and Temime, Emile,
The
Revolution and the Civil War in Spain
MIT Press, 1970)
Brenan, Gerald, The Spanish Labyrinth
(Cambridge U., 1950)
Broue, Pierre, La Revolution
et La Guerre d’Espagna (Les Editions de
Minuit, 1961)
Bustamante, Crisostomo de, Martires
Capuchinos de Castilla (Moret, 1962)
Carreras, Luis, The Glory of
Martyred Spain (Burns, Oates & Washbourne,
Ltd., 1939)
Carroll, Warren Hasty, The Last
Crusade (Christendom, 1996)
Cattell, David Tredwell, Communism
and the Spanish Civil War (U. of
California, 1955)
Christian, William Jr., Visionaries
(U. of California, 1996)
Claudel, Paul, A Los Martires
Espanoles (Ediciones de la Falange, 1937)
Costa Deu, G., Centro Martiri
della Rivoluzione del 1936 (Societa. Editrice
Internazionale, 1937)
Crosby, Donald F., "Boston Catholics
and the Spanish Civil War,"
New
England Quarterly, 44 (March 1971), 82-100
Evaristo de la virgen del Carmen,
Padre,
Martirologio de los Camelitas
Descalzos
(Catolica Sigirano Diaz, 1942)
Feeney, Thomas J., The Church
in Spain (Catholic Truth Society, 1937)
Friends of Spain, Christ or Franco?
(Friends
of Spain, 1937)
Garralda Garcia, Angel, Los Martires
de Nembra (Graf. de la Impr. La Versal de Gijon, 1995)
Gironella, Jose Maria, One Million
Dead (Doubleday, 1963)
------------ The Cypresses Believe
in God (Knopf, 1955)
Goma y Tomas, Isidro, The Martyrdom
of Spain (J. Duffy for the Irish
Christian Front, 1936)
Guttmann, Allen, The Wound in
the Heart (Free Press, 1962)
Hayes, Carlton J. H., Wartime
Mission in Spain, 1942-1945 (DeCapo, 1946)
Hemingway, Ernest, For Whom the
Bell Tolls (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940)
Herrera Oria, Enrique, Los Cautivos
de Vizcaya (Aldus, S. A., 1938)
Hiriartia, J. de, Le Cas des
Catholique Basques (H. G. Peyre, 1938)
Iramuno, Xavier d', Perseguido,
Difamado, Abandonado, El Clero Vasco
Defendiendo La Justicia y La Fraternidad (Societe d'Edition et
d'Impr.du Sud-Ouest, 1946)
Joaquin, Ancieto, Nos Martyrs
(Sacre
Coeur de Jesus, 1956)
Lopez, Martina, And They Gave
Their Lives . . . (Lesher Printers, 1997)
Martinez, Francisco, Dos Jesuitas
Martires en Asturias (Aldecoa, 1936)
Martinez Padron, Gabriel, El
Dr. Tarres (Ediciones Palabra, 1993)
Matthews,, Herbert L., Half of
Spain Died (Scribner, 1973)
McGovern, John, Why Bishops Back
Franco (Independent Labor Party, 1936)
Montanelli, Indro, La Guerra di Spagna et il Patto
di Monaco (Rizzoli, 1984)
Montavon, William F. (trans.), The
Catholic Church in Spain (National
Catholic Welfare Conference, 1937)
Montero Moreno, Antonio, Historia
de la Persecucion Religiosa en Espagna
1936-1939 (Bibl. De Autorers Cristianos, 1956)
Nonell Bru, Salvador, La Persecucion
Anticristiana y los Martires de Cristo
en Espana (Roca Viva, 1981)
Obispos Espanoles, The War in
Spain (Paulist Press, 1937)
O'Connell, James R., The Spanish
Parliament and the Clerical Question,
1868-1936 (University Microfilms, 1978)
Orti,
Vicente Carcel, Spanish Martyrs of the 20th Century (Biblioteca
de Autores Cristianos, 2001)
Payne, Robert, The Civil War
in Spain (Putnani, 1962)
Peerman, Dean, "Perturbing Beatifications,"
Christian
Century, 109: 37
(Dec. 16, 1992), 1156-1157
Perez
de Urbel, Justo, Catholic Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
(Angelus, 1993)
Perez Oliver, Alfredo M., Diario
de un Testigo (Edelvives, 1982)
Pius XI, Pope, The Pope and the
Spanish Terror (s. n., 1936)
Radosh,
Ronald, Mary R. Habeck and Grigory Sevostianov,
Spain Betrayed (Yale
University Press, 2001)
Raguer, Hilari, The Catholic Church and the Spanish
Civil War (Routledge, 2006)
Reeves, John B., Dominican Martyrs
in Red Spain (Blackfriars, 1938)
Robles, Gil, Spain in Chains
(American Press, 1937)
Rodriguez, Victoriano, Martires
Franciscanos de la Serafica Provincia de San
Gregorio
Magno de Filipinas (E. Martin, 1936)
Sacerdotes Espansoles, La Carta
Collectiva de los Obispos Espanoles (Imp.
Centrale, 1937)
Salm, Luke, The Martyrs of Turon
and Terragona (Romeoville, Ill., 1990)
Sanchez, Jose M., The Second
Spanish Republic and the Holy See, 1931-1936 (Catholic
University, 1963)
---------- Reform and Reaction
(U. of N. Carolina, 1964)
---------- The Spanish Civil
War as a Religious Tragedy (Notre Dame,
1987)
Segura, Francisco, La Iglesid
y El Alzaminento Nacional (Sal Terrae, 1964)
Sender, Ramon J., La Republica
y la Question Religiosa ("Cosmos," 1932)
Spanish Bishops, Joint Letter
... Concerning the War in Spain (Catholic
Truth Society, 1938)
Spanish Embassy, Spain (Press
Dept., 1937)
Stradlng, Robert A., The Irish
and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39
(Manchester University Press, 1999)
Tarin-Iglesias, Jose, Los Martires
de Montserrat (Hormiga de Oro, 1950)
Tarres i Claret, Pere, El Meu
Diari de Guerra (l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1987)
Thomas, Hugh, The Spanish Civil
War (Eyre & Spottiswoods, 1961)
Tort, James, The Claretian Martyrs
of Barbastro (2nd ed.; Claretian
Missionary Fathers, 1939)
Traina, Richard P., American
Diplomacy and the Spanish Civil War
(Bloomington, 1968)
Trepat y Trepat, Jose, Los Mrtires
Frxanciscanos de Catalauna Durante la
Revolucion Marxista (Tip. Catolica Casale, 1944)
Tylenda, Joseph N., Jesuit Saints
and Martyrs (Loyola U., 1984)
Valaik, J. David, American Catholics
and the Spanish Civil War (University
Microfilms, 1964)
Vincent, Mary, Catholicism in
the Second Spanish Republic (Clarendon,
1996)
Xavier, Adro, Jesuitas Martires
(Esin,
1997)
Zumeta, Angel de, Un Cardenal
Espanol y los Catolicos Vascos
(Publicaciones
Minereva, 1937)
***
MARTYRS
There were at least 6,861 Catholic
Martyrs in the Spanish Civil War:
12 Bishops; 300 Nuns; 2,365 Monks;
& 4,184 Priests
(see Hugh Thomas' book on the Spanish
Civil War, p. 144)
(At
least 225 were beatified by the end of 1998).
More
Martyrs to be Beatified in Jubilee 2000
Pope
Beatified 233 Martyrs of Civil War March 11, 2001:
Feast
Day of Blesseds on September 22nd
All
in the Diocese of Valencia
Jesuits
Priests:
Blessed
Narcisco Baste Baste (1866-1936)
Blessed
Pablo Bori Puig (1864-1936)
Blessed
Constantine Carbonell Sempere (1866-1936)
Blessed
Juan Bautista Ferreres Boluda (1861-1936)
Blessed
Tomas Sitjar Fortia (1866-1936)
Blessed
Alfredo Simon Colomina (1877-1936)
Blessed
Dario Hernandez Morato (1880-1936)
Brothers
Blessed
Pedro Gelabert Amer (1887-1936)
Blessed
Ramon Grimaltos Monllor (1861-1936)
Blessed
Vicente Sales Genoves (1891-1936)
Blessed
Jose Tarrats Comaposada (1895-1936)
***
Brothers
of the Christian School:
Saint
Cirilo Bertran (1888-1934)
Saint Marciano Jose (1900-1934)
Saint
Victoriano Pio (1905-1934)
Saint Julian Alfredo (1902-1934)
Saint Benjamin Julian (1908-1934)
Saint Augusto Andres (1910-1934)
Saint
Benito de Jesus (1910-1934)
Saint Aniceto Adolfo (1912-1934)
More Brothers of the Christian
Schools:
Blessed
Bishop Diego Ventaja and Companions
Blessed
Manuel Barbal Cosan (1898-1836)
The
Augustinian Recollect Martyrs of Motril
Blessed Jose Ricardo Dietz
Blessed Leon Inchausti
Blessed Julian Moreno
Blessed Deogracias Palacios
Blessed Vincente Pinilla
Blessed Jose Rada
Blessed Vincente Soler
Daughters of Mary
Maria
Francesca Ricart Olmos (1881-1936)
Servants of Mary
Maria
Baldillou and Five Companions
Visitation
Sisters
Blessed Josefa Maria Barrera Izaguirre
(1881-1936)
Blessed Teresa Maria Cavestany
y Anduaga (1888-1936)
Blessed Maria Cecilla Cendoya Araquistain
(1910-1936)
Blessed Maria Gabriela de Hilnojosa
Naveros (1872-1936)
Blessed Maria Engracia Lecuona
Aramburu (1898-1936)
Blessed Maria Angela Olaizola Garagarza
(1893-1936)
Blessed Maria Ines Zudaire Galdeano
(1900-1936)
Other
Martyrs
Blessed Francisca Aldea
Blessed Rita Dolores Pujalte
Blessed Maria Sagrarion
Blessed Manuel Martin Sierra
Servant of God Jose Samso i Elias
Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity
Manuela of the Heart of Jesus (Manuela Arriola Uranga)
and 22 Companions killed in 1936
Augustinians
Avelino Rodriguez Alonso
and 97 Companions killed in 1936
Blessed
Hector Valdivielso Saez (1910-1934)
Blessed
Jose Tapies (1869-1936) and Six Companions
Carmelite
Martyrs:
Blessed
Maria Mercedes Pray y Prat (1880-1936)
Cistercian
Martyrs
The
Fifty-One Claretian Martyrs of Barbastro
The
Fifteen Claretian Martyrs of Cervera
Dominican
(Second & Third Order) Martyrs:
Antero Mateo Garcia (1875-1936)
& Eleven Companions
Franciscan
Martyrs:
Victor
Chumillas Fernandez (1902-1936) & Twenty-One Companions
Felix Echevarria Gorostiaga &
Six Companions
Antonio Faundez Lopez & One
Companion
Pascual Fortunato Almela &
Four Companions
Three
Marist Brothers of Ciudad Real Executed in 1936
Oblate
Missionaries of Mary Immaculate
Passionist
Fathers
St. Inocencio de la Inmaculada
[Manuel Arnau] (1887-1934)
Twenty-six
Passionists di Daimiel Executed in 1936
Salesian
Victims:
Jose Calasanz
Sergio Cid
Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary:
Servant of God Teofilo Fernandez
de Legaria Gorsi
(Recognized by Pope Benedict XVI
as a martyr, 7/3/09)
Seventy-one
St. John of God Hospital Brothers
Seventeen
Sisters of Christian Doctrine Executed in 1936
Sisters Guardians of the Eucharistic
Cult:
Blessed
Maria de los Angeles Ginard Marti (1894-1936)
Teresians:
St.
Pedro Poveda Castroverde
Victoria
Diez
Bustos
de Molina
The
117 Martyrs of Almeria (1936-1939)
The
Martyrs of Turon
Dolores
& Consuelo Aguiar-Mella Diaz
Nineteen
Martyrs of Viaceli Spain
Blessed
Vicente Vilar David (1889-1937)
Blessed
Dioniso Pamplona (1838-1936) & Twelve Companions
Blessed
Pedro Ruiz de los Panos & Eight Companions (+ 1936)
***
Ceferino
Giminez Malla (1861-1936)
Jesuits:
Beatification
Cause in Process
Jose Maria
Algere Jimenez (1865-1936)
Ignatius
Arámburu (1852-1935)
Bartholomeo
Arbona Estades (1862-1936)
Juan Baustista
Arconada Perez (1890-1934)
Ramon
Artigues Servient (1902-1936)
Francisco
Audi Cid (1872-1936)
Jesus
Ballesta Tejero (1903-1936)
Luis
Boguñá Porta (1893-1936)++
Andres
Carrio Bertran (1876-1936)
Manuel
de la Cerda y las Barcenas (1900-1936)
Olegario
Corral Garcia (1871-1936)
Felix
Cots Oliveres (1895-1936)
Emmanuel
Darder Palabi (1862-1936)
Jose Ignacio
Elduayen Larranaga (1884-1936)
Thoas
Estebán (1879-1934)
Juan Gomez
Hellin (1899-1936)
Manuel
Gonzalez Hernandez (1889-1936)
Ferdinand
de Huidobro (1903-1937)
Domingo
Ibarlucca Iregui (1906-1936)
Felipe
Iriondo Amundarain (1869-1936)
Lorenzo
Isla Sanz (1865-1936)
Jose Llatje
Llatje (1893-1936)
Manuel
Luque Fontanilla (1856-1936)
Constantino
March Battles (1877-1937)
Braulio
Martinez Simeon (1852-1936)
Emilio
Martinez (1893-1934)
Marcial
Mayorga Paredes (1902-1936)
Miguel
Mendoza Reig (1889-1936)
Jose Munoz
Abioil (1904-1936)
Jaime
Noguera Baro (1901-1937)
Alfonso
Payan Perez (1877-1936)
Manuel
Peypoch Sala (1870-1936)
Jose
Roma Carreres (1911-1936)
Juan Rovira
Orlandis (1877-1936)
Pascual
Ruiz Ramirez (1901-1936)
Jose Sampol
Escalas (1899-1936)
Jose Sanchez
Oliva (1891-1936)
Antonio
Sanchiz Martinez (1891-1936)
Martin
Santaella Gutierrez (1873-1936)
Richard
Tena (1877-1936)
Francisco
Javier Tena Colom (1880-1936)
Ricardo
Tena Montero De Espinosa (1877-1936)
Joaqim
Maria Valenti De Marti (1884-1936)
Ignacio
de Velasco Nieto (1890-1936)
Jose Vergés
De Trias (1898-1936)
Demetrio
Zurbitu Recaldo (1886-1936)
Jesuits:
Beatification Cause Not Yet
Opened
Catarino Abril Marin (1881-1936)
Ismael Accensi Cid (1894-1936)
Diego Aguilera (1912-1938)
Juan Bautista Andrada Salvador
(1898-1936)
Jose del Arco (1889-1936)
Jose Manuel Arin Dorronsoro (1887-1936)
Angel Arminana Silvestre (1902-1936)
Leopoldo Barbo Caballero (1870-1936)
Juan P. Beamonte Garcia (1895-1936)
Manuel Berdun (1879-1937)
Paulino Bertran Sempere (1874-1936)
Tomas Boix Alminana (1866-1936)
Baldomero Bonilla Fernandez (1865-1936)
Ignacio Casanovas Camprubi (1865-1936)
Ramon Codina Alier (1869-1936)
Jose Conti Sala (1865-1936)
Manuel Darder Palahi (1862-1936)
Augustin Diaz y Zapata (1969-1936)
Jose Fabregal Verdu (1893-1936)
Augustin Fernandez Hernandez (1904-1936)
Manuel Fernandez Diaz-Masa (1904-1936)
Jose F. Ferragut Sbet (1889-1936)
Vicente Fonfria Geri (1891-1936)
Tomas Frasno Penarrocha (1866-1936)
Narcisco Fuentes Ruiz-Delgado (1875-1936)
Jose Gabarron Perez (1868-1936)
Jose Garcia Molina (1911-1936)
Zacarias Garcia Villada (1879-1936)
Nemesio Gonzalez Alonso (1866-1936)
Luis Gordillo Diaz (1898-1936)
Vicente Guimera Roca (1869-1936)
Joaquin Hernandez Lopez (1881-1936)
Antonio Jimenez Blazquez (1885-1936)
Jose Juan Martinez (1885-1936)
Martin Juste Garcia (1863-1936)
Florentinio Laria Sampedro (1866-1936)
Manuel de Larragan Alfaro (1884-1936)
Manuel Manes Bosch (1887-1936)
Juan Martinez Garcia (1902-1936)
Jesus Martinez Hernandez (1903-1936)
Valentino Mayordomo Gonzalez (18787-1937)
Jose Mendizabal Tolosa (1881-1937)
Angel Mercader Valero (1889-1936)
Pedro Miro De Mesa (1901-1936)
Ramon Molina (1904-1938)
Carlos Moncho Montaner (1868-1936)
Jesus Montero Carrion (1887-1936)
Inocencio Munoz Aguilera (1895-1936)
Joaquin Noguera Martinez (1873-1936)
Jose Oortiz Calvo (1911-1936)
Jose Palacio Molina (1865-1936)
Felix Palacios (1877-1936)
Miguel Pardo De Donlebun (1881-1936)
Luis Perera Canogio (1865-1936)
Jose Pedromingo Cotayna (1904-1936)
Jose Rallo Pascual (1863-1936)
Jose Rodriguez De La Torre (1877-1936)
Gregorio Ruiz Rodriguez (1911-1936)
Jose Ruiz Goyo (1897-1936)
Jose Ruiz Pimentel (1887-1936)
Nicolas Serrano Fernandez (1910-1936)
Jose Serres Borras (1890-1936)
Jose Simon Cascales (1873-1936)
Pedro Trulls Claramunt (1867-1936)
Jose Maria Valiente Trigueros (1894-1936)
Ramon Vendrell Vives (1865-1936)
Ignacio Vila March (1858-1936)
Jose Maria Vives Castellet (1882-1936)
Frarncisco Vives Masses (1898-1936)
Jose Antonio Yanez Gonzalez (1870-1936)
***
Others
Bishops
Bishop Pedro Cruz Ocana of Cuenca
Oratorian Bishop Salvio Huix of
Lerida
Bishop Eustaquio Nieto Martin of
Siguenza
Priests
Augustinian
Felip Ciscar Puig
Antonio Diaz Del Moral of Madrid
Dominican Pedro Gafo
Dominican Pedro Gerard
Liberio Gonzalez Nonvela of Torrijos
Manuel Gonzalez-Semay Roderiguez
of Seville
Franciscan Andres Invars
Pascual Martin of Toledo
Andres Molina of Granada
Jose Sala of Toledo
Francisco Sendra Ivars of Valencia
Brothers
Claretian Brother Fernando Saperas
Layman
Blessed
Luis Campos Gorriz (1905-1936)
Francisco
de Paula Castello y Aleu (1914-1936)
Women
Seven
Martyred Poor Clares at St. Paul's Shine in Cleveland, Ohio
Francisca Aldea Araujo
Church Organist in Barcelona
Jaime Busquets Xaubet
A Doctor from the Republican
Army:
Venerable Pere Tarres i Claret
(1905-1950)
498
Beatified on October 28, 2007:
Blessed
Blanco Marquez (1914-1936)
***
On December 18, 2006, Pope Benedict
XVI authorized the beatification of seventy-four Servants of God by recognizing
their martyrdom through the publication of the necessary decree. In the
case of martyrs, no miracle through their intercession is necessary for
their beatification. Seventy-one of
these martyrs soon be beatified
were killed during the Spanish Civil War:
[Manuel Gómez González,
Spanish, diocesan priest born in 1877, Adilio Daronch,
Brazilian, lay person born in 1908,
both killed in Feijao Miudo, Brazil, in 1924; and
Albertina Berkenbrock, Brazilian,
lay person born in 1919, killed in 1931].
Eufrasio of the Baby Jesus (born
Eufrasio Barredo Fernández), Spanish, born in 1897, priest of the
Order of Discalced Carmelites, killed during religious persecution in Spain
in 1934.
Lorenzo, Virgilio and forty-four
companions of the Institute of Brothers of the Marist Schools,
Spanish, killed during religious
persecution in Spain in 1936.
Enrique Izquierdo Palacios and thirteen
companions, Spanish, of the Order of Friars Preachers,
killed during religious persecution
in Spain in 1936.
Ovidio Beltrán, Hermenegildo
Lorenzo, Luciano Pablo, Estanislao Víctor y Lorenzo Santiago, Spanish,
members of the Institute of Brothers of the Christian Schools, and José
María Cánovas Martínez,
Spanish, parish helper, killed
during religious persecution in Spain in 1936.
María del Carmen, Rosa and
Magdalena Fradera Ferragutcasas, Spanish, religious of the Congregation
of Daughters of the Blessed and Immaculate Heart of Mary, killed during
religious
persecution in Spain in 1936.
****************************
IMAGES
***
Film
Land
Without Bread (1932)
The
Will of the People (1939)
Luftwaffe:
The Secret Bomber
***
Documents
Martyrs
Pictures
Weisbord
Archives
***
Relics
Martyred
Nuns of Madrid
LINKS
Books
Available on the Martyrs
Son
of Beatified Martyr Recalls Father
Living
Martyr of the Spanish Civil War
The
Catholic Church in the Spanish Revolution and Civil War
Spanish
Civil War Resources on the World Wide Web
Brandeis
University Spanish Civil War Collection
The
Spanish Revolution and Civil War
Basque
Autonomous Struggle & the Spanish Civil War
German
Guilt in Gernika Massacre
110
Blessed of the French Revolution & Spanish Civil War
America
Magazine Archives
La
Guerra Civil Espanola, 1936-1939
A
Spanish Site on the Spanish Civil War
Other
Films and Videos on the Spanish Civil War
***
RULERS
Niceto
Alcala Zamora (1931-1936)
Manuel
Azana y Diaz (1936-1939)
Francisco
Franco Bahamonde (1939-1975)
TOP
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright 1999-2006
E-mail comments and questions
to:
Vincent A. Lapomarda
(vlapomar@holycross.edu).